One reason for this is that China’s urban planners have discouraged its megacities from growing too large in population size. This implied Zipf’s law distribution is taken holding the 95th percentile city’s size and rank fixed. Note: Population is measured in 10,000 people. Source: World Bank calculations using CEAD emissions data for 175 cities in 2010 and population density data from Liu et al. If Zipf’s law held, China’s megacities would have far higher populationsĬurrent population size and rank, current vs. If Guangzhou had the same density as Seoul, for example, it could accommodate 4.2 million more people. ![]() Zipf’s law is a special case that tends not to hold in reality, but even a more moderate rank-size rule would imply substantially more populous megacities. Indeed, if Zipf’s law held, Beijing and Shanghai would be respectively three and four times more populous. Nonetheless, China’s megacities remain significantly less populous and less dense than one might expect, and its mid-size cities are much larger (Figure 2). Since the mid-1990s, as migration to the coastal areas increased, China’s largest coastal cities started to grow rapidly, restoring a more natural pattern of urbanization. After the 1960s it diverged substantially, as industries and industrial centers were relocated from the coast to the interior under the Third Front Movement. In the early 19th century, China’s city size distribution closely followed the rank-size rule. Benchmarking China’s city size distribution against Zipf’s law reveals how government policy has shaped China’s urbanization in ways that may run counter to economic forces. ![]() Of course, this empirical regularity serves mainly illustrative purposes. The special case in which the estimated power equals –1 is known as Zipf’s law, named after a linguist, George Zipf. That is, the rank r associated with a city of size S is proportional to S to some negative power. An anomalous city-size distributionĪ striking pattern that has long fascinated both urban scientists and economists is that the distribution of city population size and rank in many countries seems to closely follow the rank-size rule. This does not augur well for efficiency or emissions. Meanwhile, Chinese cities have been expanding outward: China is the only country in East Asia to have declining population density in its large cities, as the expansion of urban boundaries has outpaced population inflows. In recent years, such controls have been lifted in smaller cities but tightened in megacities. China has traditionally controlled rural-urban migration through the hukou household registration system. In the past few years, many of China’s megacities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, have made plans to cap the size of their populations. For China’s economy and its emission intensity, it matters where these people move to. Assuming an urbanization rate of 70 percent by 2030, some 80 million people may move to urban areas over the next decade alone. This finding is important because China is still urbanizing. CO2 emissions per capita are measured in 100 tons per person. Note: Population density is measured in 10,000 people per square kilometer. Source: World Bank calculations using CEAD emissions data for 175 prefecture-level and above cities in 2010 and population density data from Liu et al. Log of CO2 emissions per capita and log of population density for 175 Chinese cities ![]() Population density of Chinese cities is negatively correlated with per capita emissions ![]() As illustrated in Figure 1, there is a statistically significant negative relationship between population density and per capita emissions, even after controlling for income, economic structure, and proxies for environmental policy. Researchers at Australian National University have found that this is true also for China. The recent World Bank Commodity Markets Outlook shows that urban density tends to lower energy consumption intensity from transport, infrastructure, and accommodation. However, beyond a certain level of per capita income, as people move into denser urban spaces, their carbon footprint declines. In many developing countries, urbanization is often associated with higher carbon emissions, resulting from rising consumption levels and associated energy needs. Twitter KathAStapleton Denser Chinese cities have lower per capita emissions
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![]() Right now, I use the background node's "Strength" parameter to change the brightness, but that doesn't make the lighting of the objects in the scene darker or lighter respectively. ![]() Is there any way I can change the exposure in Blender? I know there are some other programs that do that, but Blender should be able to do it. Click on the right button of the mouse to open Gideros project properties window where you will choose your game name: Additionally the following properties can be set from this window: Settings tab: current version of the game, build version, retina display and autorotation. So, maybe its darker because you have chosen 'scene-referred' (which authors of the DT recommends). So I want to be able to use an HDR at multiple exposures. The first step is to configure the game in the Gideros Studio editor. If you chose 'none' you get as raw as it can be (with minimal alteration from DT), in 'display-referred' you have base curve enabled and in 'scene-referred' you have filmic rgb and -0.50 exposure enabled. Of course, this should already make sense if you're familiar with HDRs. By selecting your text layer and then opening the Character Panel, you can darken the text in Photoshop. Here's a comparison between a jpeg(left) and an HDR(right) as an example of how HDRs have broader depths of light when the exposure is changed: This means I should be able to scale the exposure of the HDR and still have varying depths of light. The purpose of an HDR is to have a High Dynamic Range. This is why I'm wondering if I can change the exposure of an HDR from within Blender to get everything I can out of one HDR. 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FlightGear is available for Windows, macOS, and Linux. ![]() The circle dates back over 4,000 years to neolithic times and is a popular meeting place for people from all over Britain who come to celebrate both the winter and summer solstices with the beautiful Cumbrian fells as a backdrop. ![]() KESWICK, ENGLAND – DECEMBER 21: A Yule log lies between two of the stones during the evening of the Winter Solstice at the Castlerigg Stone circle on Decemin Keswick, England. The tradition didn’t spread to England until Queen Victoria married Prince Albert of Germany, where the decorations became more elaborate. ![]() In 1500’s Germany the tradition of adding candles, apples, and cookies became popular with Lutherans. (Photo by Michael Kappeler / POOL / AFP) / (Photo by MICHAEL KAPPELER/POOL/AFP via Getty Images) Picture taken on Decemshows German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier lighting candles on the Christmas tree after the recording of the annual Christmas speech at the Bellevue Palace in Berlin. Even after their conversion to Christianity the tradition stayed, bringing an evergreen tree into your home during the solstice to scare away the devil. Evergreens were part of the Roman celebration of Saturnalia and tree worship was a part of Scandanavian culture. Forest Service has a helpful breakdown of several plants we associate with Christmas and the traditions behind them, the most prominent being the Christmas tree, or Yule tree. How to see the once-in-a-lifetime ‘Christmas comet’ this week ![]() The introductions of Taylor's staff are brief and forgettable. The New York CSI team pieces together the facts of the most recent murders. A bloody fingerprint in Miami points Caine and Taylor to a convict, a rooftop chase and a narrow escape for their new prime suspect. ![]() These are uncannily similar to the Miami slayings. While the CSI counterparts get acquainted, two more murders take place in New York. At first they refrain from joining forces, but once they establish through chit-chat their mutual admiration for the death penalty and its liberal enforcement, the two are inseparable. (Who says these things only happen in films!) In this pre-pilot, Taylor and Caine discover they are searching for the same killer. ![]() The scene of Caine and Taylor's meeting features a moment of lighting genius in which Caine stands in a beam of warm amber sunlight while Taylor's key matches the cool blue ambiance of his native New York atmosphere. Enter Gary Sinise as Detective Mac Taylor. Caine's lead seems to dead-end when he arrives at another crime scene and discovers his suspect was murdered two days prior to the Miami crime he is investigating. Just prior to its season finale, CSI Miami sends Horatio Caine to the Big Apple in search of a killer. Having watched my share of NYPD Blue some years back, it was strange seeing David Caruso in a crime drama set in New York without Dennis Franz at his side. ![]() The post Having Fun with the POI Loader appeared first on Garmin Blog. It's where you'll find everything to get started down the road of custom POIs. For tonights edition of 'Silly Garmin POI Tricks', Ill use the POILoader program and the GPSrs USB Mass Storage interface to create multiple Custom POI files on a 76CSx, and along the way perhaps manage to justify this as something more than an effective treatment for chronic insomnia. (As of this writing, only the models introduced in 2005. ![]() 2) Connect your GPS and run POI Loader to transfer them from the computer to the GPS. Tip: Save the files on your computer, not the GPS. You can learn more by visiting our POI Loader site. The point of interest (POI) is information that you add to your GPS mapping, it can be the location of a radar, a restaurant, a gas station or a col. The Garmin POI loader loads custom points of interest into certain models of Garmin GPS receivers. Basic Steps for using POI Loader: 1) Download all of the files you want from POI Factory and save them in a folder on your computer. And it's a great way for you to make the most of your Garmin GPS. ![]() The possibilities are almost endless with our POI Loader! And the best part – it's quick. You can even create your own files and add to the world’s symphony of custom point data. There are lots of other places to get POI Loader compatible data. To learn more about creating POI files, see the FAQ Creating Custom POI Files. For POIbase for PC to automatically detect your SD card as Garmin Map Pilot, you will also need to install the free Garmin POI-Loader on your PC. This can be used as a way to describe which direction a camera is facing. However, comments can be added to custom POI files. History buff? Hot dog connoisseur? No matter what you’re interested in, you can send locations important to your personal interests and set out on a customized odyssey with your POI Loader-compatible Garmin GPS.īut don’t limit your exploration. Because POI Loader only supports these formats, this data cannot be loaded into custom Points of Interest (POI) using this application. And loading custom points of interest is another way to truly make your unit your own. With it, you can send personalized points of interest directly to your compatible Garmin GPS. Is “fun” the right word to use when discussing points of interest? We sure think so (and we aren’t just saying that because we are crazy for cartography)! If you haven’t spent much time with our free POI Loader, now is a great time to check it out. ![]() ![]() It’s impossible to argue that, too, as Jordan had the highest peak of any of the GOAT candidates and the longest list of top-level achievements (as of now). Not a consensus pick, but close to it, as six of our eight voters picked Michael Jordan again as the No. ![]() NBA rank: 3rd in steals, 5th in scoring, 47th in assists, 123rd in blocks, 132nd in rebounds Top accolades: Six NBA titles, six Finals MVPs, five MVPs, 10 All-NBA 1st Team selections, 14 All-Stars, one Defensive Player of the Year award, nine All-Defensive 1st Team selections Retrieved January 20, 2011.USA TODAY Sports (c) Copyright 1997 USA TODAY Sports Department of State Announces 2011 Line Up for American Documentary Showcase". ^ No Crossover Is A Slam Dunk On ESPN And Twitter.^ SXSW Festival Genius - No Crossover: The Trial of Allen Iverson.^ No Crossover: The Trial of Allen Iverson.Archived September 10, 2012, at the Wayback Machine Archived November 6, 2012, at the Wayback Machine ^ Iverson Answers the Call Sielski, Mike.^ "Commonwealth of Virginia v Simmons, "."UNSUNG WITNESS IS REAL COACH FOR IVERSON". As an official selection of the American Documentary Showcase, No Crossover will be sent to more than 20 countries around the world to help cultivate a global understanding of American social issues. On January 15, 2011, the United States Department of State's Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs chose No Crossover as one of 18 documentaries represented in the American Documentary Showcase. On the night of ESPN's No Crossover premiere, the phrase 'Allen Iverson' was the sixth most popular trending topic across all forms of social media and by the end of the broadcast, reached number one as the most popular phrase according to the Brizzly platform that measures Facebook and Twitter activity. Premiering at the 2010 SXSW Festival in Austin, No Crossover would make its television premiere on ESPN on April 13, 2010. While Iverson refused to participate in the documentary, multiple friends, neighbors and former coaches provided insight into the life of the young Iverson. The film introduces multiple Hampton natives, both black and white, as they reflect on how the incident affected the town. ĭirector Steve James, a Hampton native, takes a personal look at how the Iverson incident and the ensuing aftermath highlighted the community's existing racial tension and put the town's problems of race relations front and center in the daily papers. Iverson was sentenced to 15 years in prison, but after four months at Newport News City Farm correctional facility, Iverson was pardoned by Governor Doug Wilder and was released from custody. Despite punches thrown by both parties involved, only Iverson and his friends Melvin Stephens, Samuel Wynn and Michael Simmons, were charged in the incident. The videotape of the incident is unclear and it is difficult to make out any of the individuals involved. Iverson was specifically accused of striking a young white woman in the head with a chair, as stated in witness testimony from bowling lane employee Brandon Smith, who also was a classmate of Iverson's. The incident allegedly stemmed from racial epithets said by the white adult high school students from neighboring Poquoson to Iverson and his friends. ![]() The documentary features camcorder footage from the Februaltercation at a Hampton bowling alley, where Iverson and his young friends were accused of attacking adults with chairs. No Crossover details a 1993 brawl involving then-high school basketball player and future NBA star Allen Iverson, and how the incident-and the subsequent trial and eventual conviction of Iverson-divided the town of Hampton, Virginia, where Iverson attended Bethel High School. No Crossover: The Trial of Allen Iverson is a 2010 documentary film produced by Kartemquin Films for ESPN's 30 for 30 series and directed by Steve James. The shipowner Mystic Invest is a Portuguese family-owned financial holding that fully owns several brands specializing in the travel and tourism businesses (cruises, tours, hotels) and real estate. Mario Ferreira is also famous for being Portugal's first space tourist (traveling on Virgin Galactic's Spaceship One / owned by Richard Branson). Mystic Cruises is a new brand owned by the Portuguese entrepreneur Mario Ferreira - president of Mystic Invest SGPS (group of companies) and best known as CEO of the Portuguese river cruise company Douro Azul, operating on Douro River roundtrips from Oporto. This way Nicko's only ocean-going ship became Vasco da Gama.Ītlas Ocean Voyages is managed by Alberto Aliberti (President) and Brandon Townsley (VP of Sales and Trade Partnerships), plus two Sales Managers - Alyssa Logan (North America West) and Richard Sims (North America East, former Sales Manager of NCL-Norwegian, Holland America and Seabourn). In May 2023, Nicko Cruises announced that starting September 2023, World Voyager will be transferred to the sister-company AOV/Atlas Ocean Voyages (fleet) which is a USA-based travel company also fully owned by Mystic Invest. Quark Expeditions became part of the UK-based TUI Travel on May 1, 2007. The polar travel company Quark Expeditions (1991-established) specializes in polar expedition cruises to Antarctica using vessels with ice-strengthened hulls. World Voyager was also seasonally chartered to other small cruise companies, including Quark Expeditions and Riviera Travel UK ( fleet). Ship history and ownershipĬurrently, the ship is owned by the Portugal-based company Mystic Invest Holding (via the subsidiary Mystic Cruises USA) and in the period 2021-2023 was operated by Nicko Cruises (subsidiary/ fleet) via Schiffsreisen GmbH. ![]() The vessel (IMO number 9871529) is currently Portugal- flagged (MMSI 255806150) and registered in Madeira/Funchal. The shipbuilder is WestSEA (naval shipyard in Viana do Castelo, Portugal). ![]() The ship World Voyager is the second vessel in an initially planned 10-ship fleet of Mystic Cruises, grouping the sisterships World Explorer (2019), World Voyager (2021), World Navigator (2021), World Traveller (2022), World Seeker (2023), World Discoverer (2023), World Adventurer (2024). The 2020-built/2021-inaugurated MS World Voyager cruise ship is a newbuild passenger vessel designed for operations in the polar regions (Arctic and Antarctica). 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